In one sentence
The company issuing title insurance and often handling escrow and closing, central to confirming the lender's lien priority.
The longer version
The title company searches title, issues the commitment, clears requirements, handles escrow and recording, and issues the final policy. It is one of the busiest parties in any closing.
Title work, especially clearing Schedule B exceptions, is a frequent critical path, so title items belong on the checklist with dates and owners from the start.
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